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Why are people moving?

73%Livelihood no longer dependable

62%Lack of job opportunities at source

60%Lower wages at source

32%Earn wages to pay back loans

6%Disaster event at source

5%Long-term change in weather

Why are migrants choosing certain destination locations?

Finding better job opportunities

84%

Finding better wages

62%

Proximity to home / village

51%

Better educational opportunities

15%

Better healthcare services

Joining other family members

Who are migrants moving with?

53%Friends

31%Other Villagers

20%Alone

16%Spouse

13%Contractor / employer

10%Children

9%Other workers

What duration are migrants moving for?

Short-term / temporary migrant (every year for one or more months)

59%

Migrate some years for one or more months

25%

Migrated temporarily once but don’t plan to migrate again

14%

Long-term migrant (one or more years)

How many migrants are negatively impacted by extreme weather events?

19%

No. of migrants not impacted negatively by extreme weather

What livelihoods do migrants belong to at source locations?

66%

Farmers

53%

Agricultural labourers

34%

Fishery worker

31%

Construction workers

21%

Transport worker

13%

Cement factory worker

60%

Construction workers

37%

Cement factory worker

22%

Factory Workers

17%

Steel plant worker

15%

Domestic workers

Other manufacturing factory workers

Others

What extreme weather events are migrants facing at source locations?

68%

Flooding

51%

Excess rain

51%

drought

38%

Increasing heat

38%

Increasing cold

23%

Water pollution

21%

Landslides / mudslides

70%

Increasing heat

38%

Increasing cold

34%

Excess rain

30%

Drought

17%

Flooding

11%

Landslides / mudslides

Increased unpredictability of weather / seasons

Water pollution

What livelihood impacts are migrants facing as a result of extreme weather at source locations?

67% Crop loss

49% Wage loss

34% Job loss

29% Wage cut

21% Animal loss

6% Emplyoment related asset loss

What household impacts are migrants facing as a result of extreme weather events at source locations?

82%Food Insecurity

40%Health related issues

25%Loss of household assets

20%Limited or damaged access to water or sanitation

17%House damaged

12%Transportation routes in/out of village damaged / slowed

11%Lost access to health services

What household impacts are migrants facing as a result of extreme weather events at destination locations?

64%Food Insecurity

51%Health related issues

16%Limited or damaged access to water or sanitation

16%Lost access to health services

11% No impact faced

9%Transportation routes in / out of migrant location damaged / slowed

8%Loss of household assets

7%Decreased remittances that were sent to village

How are migrants coping with these livelihood and household impacts due to extreme weather at source locations?

69%

Loan from informal sources such as moneylenders

56%

Used savings

56%

Support from family and friends

12%

Reduced number of meals

No coping mechanisms

68%

Loan from informal sources such as moneylenders

46%

Used savings

37%

Support from family and friends

14%

No coping mechanisms

Loan from formal institutions such as banks

Additional family members took on jobs locally

What external support is available to migrants during/after these extreme weather events at source locations?

66%

No assistance received

28%

Emergency relief from government

12%

Emergency relief from CSOs/CBOs

80%

No assistance received

11%

Emergency relief from government

Emergency relief from CSOs/CBOs

Compensation from Employer

PCI empowers community-led organizations across South and Southeast Asia. PCI promotes initiatives that work deeply – and at scale – on the ground and leverage this to change systems.

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