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Why are people moving?

67%Lower wages at source

41%Lack of job opportunities at source

33%Earn wages to pay back loans

29%Livelihood no longer dependable

9%Long-term change in weather at source / increased unpredictabilty

5%Land related Conflict at source locations

5%Land damaged or destroyed at source

Why are migrants choosing certain destination locations?

Finding better wages

69%

Finding better job opportunities

54%

Better healthcare services

26%

Better educational opportunities

Proximity to home / village

Greater freedom within destination

Joining other family members

Who are migrants moving with?

53%Spouse

33%Children

17%Alone

13%Friends

12%Other Workers

9%Other Family Members

8%Other Villagers

5%Parents

5%Contractor / Employer

What duration are migrants moving for?

Migrate some years for one or more months

47%

Short-term / temporary migrant (every year for one or more months)

33%

Migrated temporarily once but don’t plan to migrate again

Long-term migrant (one or more years)

Prefer not to answer

migrated permanently

How many migrants are negatively impacted by extreme weather events?

20%

No. of migrants not impacted negatively by extreme weather

What livelihoods do migrants belong to at source locations?

74%

Agricultural labourers

35%

Factory workers

33%

Construction workers

20%

Farmers

12%

Fishery worker

10%

Animal husbandry

Brick kiln

94%

Construction workers

16%

Waste processing workers

12%

Domestic workers

Factory workers

What extreme weather events are migrants facing at source locations?

78%

Drought

58%

Excess rain

52%

Increasing heat

33%

Cyclones/ Typhoons/ Hurricanes

26%

Increasing cold

23%

Increased unpredictability of weather / seasons

Flooding

Salinisation of water supply

76%

Increasing heat

52%

Drought

47%

Excess rain

18%

Increased unpredictability of weather / seasons

Flooding

Increasing cold

What livelihood impacts are migrants facing as a result of extreme weather at source locations?

76% Wage loss

19% Crop loss

69% Wage cut

16% Animal loss

6% Job loss

6% Employment related asset loss

6% No impact faced

What household impacts are migrants facing as a result of extreme weather events at source locations?

44%House damaged

41%Health related issues

33%Food Insecurity

20%Limited or damaged access to water or sanitation

20%Injury of family member(s) or other health impacts due to weather event(s)

20%Loss of household assets

14%Lost access to health services

12%House destroyed

7%Communication methods slowed or lost

6%Transportation routes in/out of migrant location damaged/slowed

What household impacts are migrants facing as a result of extreme weather events at destination locations?

61%

Health related issues

15%

Limited or damaged access to water or sanitation

14%

House damaged

13%

Injury of family member(s)

12%

No impact faced

12%

Food insecurity

Transportation routes damaged

Lost access to health services

Loss of household assets

Communication methods slowed or lost

Decreased remittances that were sent to village

How are migrants coping with these livelihood and household impacts due to extreme weather at source locations?

50%

Loan from informal sources such as moneylenders

50%

Migration

31%

Support from family and friends

26%

Used savings

23%

Loan from formal institutions such as banks

12%

Family member(s) migrated

Children removed from school

32%

Loan from formal institutions such as banks

32%

Found additional work at the destination

23%

Received support from family and friends

14%

Loan from informal sources such as moneylenders

11%

No coping mechanisms

10%

Additional family members took jobs locally

Used savings

What external support is available to migrants during/after these extreme weather events at source locations?

83%

No assistance received

11%

Emergency relief from CSOs/CBOs

11%

Healthcare services support

Emergency relief from the government

56%

Compensation from employers

34%

No assistance received

25%

Finding an alternate job

PCI empowers community-led organizations across South and Southeast Asia. PCI promotes initiatives that work deeply – and at scale – on the ground and leverage this to change systems.

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