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Why are people moving?

76%

Lack of job opportunities at source

65%

Lower wages at source

64%

Livelihood no longer dependable

19%

Land damaged or destroyed at source

18%

Disaster event at source

18%

Earn wages to pay back loans

11%

Land related conflicts at source

Shelter was damaged or destroyed

Why are migrants choosing certain destination locations?

Finding better wages

75%

Finding better job opportunities

75%

Better healthcare services

59%

Proximity to home / village

42%

Greater freedom within destination

13%

Better educational opportunities

For marriage purpose

Who are migrants moving with?

30% Spouse

28% Children

26% Other family members

18% Other Workers

16% Alone

10% Parents

10% Other villagers

5% Contractor / employer

What duration are migrants moving for?

Migrated temporarily once but don’t plan to migrate again

40%

Migrate some years for one or more months

38%

Short-term / temporary migrant (every year for one or more months)

14%

Long-term migrant (one or more years)

Permanent migrant

What livelihoods do migrants belong to at source locations?

53%

Agricultural labourers

21%

Farmers

19%

Others

14%

Construction workers

13%

Brick kiln

Factory workers

Animal husbandry

Shop / business worker

48%

Others

31%

Domestic workers

19%

Construction workers

18%

Food processing factory worker

14%

Factory workers

What extreme weather events are migrants facing at source locations?

84%

Flooding

71%

Excess rain

66%

Cyclones / typhoons / hurricanes

40%

Increasing heat

34%

Drought

16%

Thunderstroms

13%

Landslides / mudslides

86%

Increasing heat

65%

Thunderstorms

62%

Flooding

57%

Drought

47%

Cyclones / typhoons / hurricanes

42%

Excess rain

15%

Increasing cold

Salinisation of water supply

What livelihood impacts are migrants facing as a result of extreme weather at source locations?

72% Wage cut

66% Crop loss

72% Wage loss

45% Animal loss

19% Job loss

4% Emplyoment related asset loss

What household impacts are migrants facing as a result of extreme weather events at source locations?

98%

Food insecurity

69%

House damaged

67%

Health related issues

39%

Limited or damaged access to water or sanitation

24%

Transportation routes in/out of village damaged/slowed

22%

House destroyed

20%

Lost access to health services

19%

Communication methods slowed or lost

19%

Loss of household assets

How are migrants coping with these livelihood and household impacts due to extreme weather at source locations?

52%

Used savings

44%

Loan from informal sources such as moneylenders

38%

Migration

33%

Support from family and friends

27%

Loan from formal institutions such as banks

72%

Used savings

63%

Support from family and friends

23%

Loan from informal sources such as moneylenders

12%

Loan from formal institutions such as banks

Found additional work at the destination

What external support is available to migrants during/after these extreme weather events at source locations?

89%

No assistance received

10%

Emergency relief from the government

Compensation from employers

96%

No assistance received

PCI empowers community-led organizations across South and Southeast Asia. PCI promotes initiatives that work deeply – and at scale – on the ground and leverage this to change systems.

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India

Nepal

Indonesia

Philippines

Bangladesh

Sample surveyed in Khulna